- Submarine cable map pdf how to#
- Submarine cable map pdf install#
Proceed to seabed identification, namely in what concerns bathymetry ( depth), slope, existence of topographic incidents, lithology ( seabed nature), environment conditions, such as saltiness, temperature and pH, and the dynamic movements that may exist at seabed ( waves, sea currents, etc.) or that may affect it ( tsunamis, volcanic activity, sludge currents, etc.).Evaluate the geological conditions of the chosen routing.Choose the routing, using updated nautical maps.
Submarine cable map pdf install#
Prior to install a submarine cable is necessary to undertake a series of actions: Routes need to be surveyed, technology developed, the cable needs to be laid without being lost, broken or damaged.
Laying a submarine cable is a remarkably complex, hazardous and expensive business.
Submarine cable map pdf how to#
Also read: How To Locate Faults In Cables? Cable Faults, Types & Causesīasic Procedure for Submarine Cables laying. Umbilical cables may also include low and high pressure lines ( steel tube) used for fluids. Some manufacturers include in the same submarine cable communications ( optical fiber) and controls to subsea processing and boosting systems, whether requirements are for low voltage, medium voltage or high voltage power supply – umbilical cables (see Figure 3). When single core power cables are used usually they do not include the optical fibers and in this situation is necessary to install also optical fiber submarine cables like the one shown in Figure 3. Also read: Why Power Transmission Cables & Lines are Loose on Electric Poles & Transmission Towers?. Three-core power cables may also have optic fiber cables for communications, as shown in Figure 1įigure 1 – Construction of Three-phase submarine cable Outer protection: The outer protection of the cable, according to the conditions and requirements of the installation, is achieved by PVC or PE sheath and layers of polypropylene yarns or jute.Īlso read: Types Of Cables Used In Internal Wiring. The steel wires are of different categories of breaking load and they are heavily galvanized. Armoring: The protection of the cable from mechanical stresses is achieved by the armoring consisted of steel wires (for single core cables armoring must be of non-magnetic material – usually aluminum – to avoid overheating of armoring due to Foucault currents – Joule effect), which provide also to the cables the required mechanical strength which during laying or pulling. Screening: Copper wires or tapes and lead sheath where required. Insulation: XLPE, EPR or MIND (mass impregnated paper). In case that the conductors are going to be used in long depths and if requested the conductor is sealed with special material which prevents the water penetration in case of cable damage. Main characteristics of power submarine cables are: Must Read: Why Coaxial Cables are Highly Insulated?Ĭharacteristics of Power Submarine Cables. Typical rated voltages of power submarine cables are 3.6/6(7.2) kV to 290/500(525) kV, in AC systems, and higher in DC systems.ĭepending of rated voltage and of the cross section (for DC systems manufacturers construct these cables with cross sections up to 2500 mm 2 and for network rated voltage up to 725 kV) they may be multicore or single core. 
Thermal resistivity of seabed and land. 
Particular burial/protection requirement at shore approach (deeper burial, directional drill pipe…).To establish the characteristics of a submarine cable is necessary to consider the following parameters: Submarine cables, that must comply with IEC Standard 60288, are specifically designed and manufactured to be installed underwater, laid at seabed, taking into account that seabed is rugged and rocky, that there are marine animals, which can damage the cables, and that is mandatory that cables must withstand tsunamis and volcanic activity, as well as trawls used by fishermen, that are more hazardous than the fish itself. The development of offshore wind farms and oil and gas offshore platforms requires the installation of power, control and monitoring and communications cables between the platforms and the main land.įor this purpose submarine cables are installed, which are also used for power and/or communications between islands and the main land, between countries and even between continents. Gallery of Submarine / Subsea & Power Submarine Cables.Basic Procedure for Submarine Cables laying.Characteristics of Power Submarine Cables.
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